Bangladesh Education System Changes & Policy Tracker
Bangladesh has a large national education system with general, madrasah, and technical-vocational streams. The country uses board-based public examinations, a calendar-year school cycle, and centralized curriculum and textbook functions alongside institution-level and board-level administration. Key monitoring areas include compulsory education implementation, public examination policy, curriculum updates, technical education, higher education regulation, and digital learning access.
Country Education Profile
| Official Name | People's Republic of Bangladesh |
|---|---|
| ISO Code | BD |
| Region | Asia |
| Subregion | Southern Asia |
| Capital / Seat | Dhaka |
| Compulsory Education | Primary education is legally compulsory under the Primary Education (Compulsory) Act, 1990. In practice, tracking should distinguish compulsory primary education, policy goals for extended basic education, and actual implementation across grades and regions. |
| School Structure | The general school structure includes pre-primary, primary education, lower secondary, secondary, and higher secondary education. A common structure is grades 1-5 for primary, grades 6-8 for junior/lower secondary, grades 9-10 for secondary, and grades 11-12 for higher secondary, with parallel general, madrasah, and technical-vocational streams. |
| Academic Year | The school academic year generally follows the calendar year, from January to December. Annual calendars, textbook lists, public examination schedules, holidays, and emergency closures are issued or updated by relevant ministries, boards, and institutions. |
| Main Exams | Major examinations include SSC and equivalent examinations after grade 10, HSC and equivalent examinations after grade 12, Dakhil and Alim examinations in the madrasah stream, and technical-vocational examinations administered through the technical education system. University admissions are managed by universities or grouped admission systems depending on institution type and policy. |
| Higher Education | Higher education is overseen by the Ministry of Education and the University Grants Commission of Bangladesh. The system includes public universities, private universities, specialized universities, National University-affiliated colleges, Bangladesh Open University, and professional higher education institutions. |
| Vocational Education | Technical and vocational education is delivered through secondary, higher secondary, diploma, and certificate pathways. The Bangladesh Technical Education Board plays a central role in affiliation, curriculum-related administration, examinations, and certification for technical and vocational programs. |
| Digital Education | Bangladesh uses national and government-supported digital learning platforms including Muktopaath, teacher portals, digital content services, and online education board result systems. Digital education policy tracking should include teacher training, curriculum digitization, learning continuity systems, and access gaps. |
| Governance | Education governance is shared mainly between the Ministry of Primary and Mass Education for primary and mass education and the Ministry of Education for secondary, higher secondary, technical, vocational, madrasah, and higher education areas. Implementation involves directorates, education boards, NCTB, BANBEIS, UGC, BTEB, madrasah authorities, local administration, and individual institutions. |
| International Student Note | Bangladesh is relevant for international credential evaluation because of its SSC, HSC, madrasah, technical, diploma, bachelor's, master's, and professional qualifications. International students and credential evaluators should verify institution recognition through UGC, education boards, technical education authorities, or relevant professional regulators. |
| Last Verified | 2026-07-06 |
Latest Education Changes
DSHE Sets Website Creation and Updating Deadline for Education Offices and Institutions (Bangladesh, June 2026)
DSHE directed its subordinate offices and education institutions to create or update their official websites and submit compliance information by 5 July 2026. The order turned earlier website-maintenance instructions into a dated compliance step.
BTEB Starts Approval Review for Vocational Institutions with No New Regular Registrations (Bangladesh, June 2026)
BTEB began a show-cause process for SSC Vocational and Dakhil Vocational institutions that did not register any new regular students in the 2025 or 2026 academic years. The process may lead to withdrawal or cancellation of teaching approval and suspension of admission from the 2026-2027 academic year.
DSHE Reschedules Half-Yearly and Pre-Selection Exams (Bangladesh, June 2026)
The Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education changed the national schedule for half-yearly and pre-selection examinations in secondary-level institutions. The examination window moved from late June and mid-July to a revised July schedule.
BTEB Lowers Minimum Age for Grade 9 Vocational Admission (Bangladesh, June 2026)
The Bangladesh Technical Education Board changed the minimum age eligibility for SSC Vocational and Dakhil Vocational Grade 9 admission and registration for the 2026-2027 academic year. The minimum age was reduced from 13 years to 12 years.
BTEB Sets Assessment Rules for Referred Grade 10 Vocational Candidates (Bangladesh, June 2026)
BTEB issued instructions on how referred Grade 10 SSC Vocational and Dakhil Vocational students from the 2023 and 2024 sessions will be examined. The notice links those candidates to the 2025 session subject structure, mark distribution, and syllabus for the 2027 examination cycle.
Monthly Change Archive
Bangladesh Education System Statistics
National education system indicators for Bangladesh, covering primary, post-primary, technical-vocational, madrasah, college, university, finance, and examination data. Source years differ because primary, post-primary, finance, and examination datasets use separate reporting calendars.
Education System Snapshot
Values use source-defined categories. Primary data are mainly from DPE ASPR 2024 using APSC 2023. Post-primary data are mainly from BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023.
Education System Pathway
The pathway shows the commonly reported national sequence. Ages are typical and may differ by entry timing, provider, or programme route.
Governance and Responsibility
Bangladesh uses a ministry-led national system with separate primary, secondary, technical-madrasah, and university responsibilities.
Primary and pre-primary
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education and the Directorate of Primary Education manage primary and mass education reporting, planning, and school census functions.
Secondary and higher secondary
Ministry of Education, through the Secondary and Higher Education Division and DSHE, covers post-primary general education, colleges, and related administration.
Technical and madrasah education
The Technical and Madrasah Education Division covers technical, vocational, and madrasah education through relevant directorates and boards.
Education statistics
BANBEIS conducts the annual post-primary education survey and publishes national education statistics. DPE supplies primary education census data.
Curriculum and textbooks
The National Curriculum and Textbook Board supports curriculum and textbook functions for school education.
Universities
The University Grants Commission supports public and private university oversight and publishes approved university lists.
Examinations
General, madrasah, and technical boards administer SSC, HSC, Dakhil, Alim, and equivalent examination routes.
Institution operators
Government, private, madrasah, English-medium, technical, and attached routes appear in BANBEIS provider categories. Provider categories should not be merged without method.
Reported Enrollment by Education Category
Selected national enrollment categories from DPE 2023 primary data and BANBEIS 2023 post-primary data.
Categories follow source reporting. BANBEIS institutional categories such as school and college, madrasah, technical-vocational, and university education are not a single additive progression.
Chart analysis
- Primary Grades 1–5 has the largest selected enrollment value at 16,217,406 students in 2023.
- Secondary education is the largest selected post-primary category at 8,166,188 students in 2023.
- Technical-vocational independent institutions show 689,745 students, while the wider technical-vocational sub-sector total is reported separately as 1,818,522.
Enrollment Rate Indicators by Level
GER and NER values for primary, secondary, and higher secondary education; tertiary GER shown as a separate level indicator.
Gross and net indicators use source definitions. GER can exceed 100% when students outside the official age group are enrolled at that level.
Chart analysis
- Primary NER is reported at 97.76% for 2023.
- Secondary NER is reported at 72.20% for 2023.
- Higher secondary NER is reported at 51.90% for 2023.
Education Budget Share by Fiscal Year
Share of Bangladesh national budget allocated to education, primary education, and post-primary education.
Finance values are budget shares. They should not be read as learning outcome measures.
Chart analysis
- Education was reported as 11.99% of the national budget in FY 2023–24.
- Post-primary had a larger budget share than primary education in each fiscal year shown.
- FY 2016–17 had the highest education budget share in this series at 15.43%.
National Education System Indicators
The table combines verified indicators from official national education sources. Source years and units are shown separately.
| Area | Indicator | Value | Unit | Source year | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| System structure | Primary cycle | Grades 1–5 | Grades | 2023 report | BANBEIS | Primary education is reported before junior secondary. |
| System structure | Junior secondary cycle | Grades 6–8 | Grades | 2023 report | BANBEIS | Reported as a post-primary stage. |
| System structure | Secondary cycle | Grades 9–10 | Grades | 2023 report | BANBEIS | Linked to SSC, Dakhil, or equivalent examination routes. |
| System structure | Higher secondary cycle | Grades 11–12 | Grades | 2023 report | BANBEIS | Linked to HSC, Alim, or equivalent examination routes. |
| System structure | Tertiary education entry point | Grade 13 and above | Grade range | 2023 report | BANBEIS | Includes university, college, professional, and related tertiary routes. |
| Governance | Education system model | Centralized | Governance type | 2023 report | BANBEIS | National ministries and agencies hold main system responsibilities. |
| Primary education | Schools covered by APSC | 114,630 | Schools and learning centres | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | All types covered by the Annual Primary School Census. |
| Primary education | Government primary schools | 65,567 | Schools | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | GPS only. |
| Pre-primary education | Schools providing PPE | 99,431 | Schools | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Pre-primary education provider coverage. |
| Pre-primary education | Pre-primary enrollment | 3,496,279 | Students | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | PPE total enrollment. |
| Primary education | Primary enrollment | 16,217,406 | Students | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Grades 1–5, all covered primary provider types. |
| Primary education | PPE to Grade 5 enrollment | 19,713,685 | Students | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Pre-primary plus Grades 1–5. |
| Primary education | Girls in PPE to Grade 5 enrollment | 51.3% | Percent of students | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Girls share of reported PPE to Grade 5 enrollment. |
| Teachers | Primary working teachers | 650,293 | Teachers | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | All types of primary schools covered by DPE reporting. |
| Teachers | Female primary teachers | 407,055 | Teachers | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Female teachers across all covered primary provider types. |
| Teachers | GPS working teachers | 384,513 | Teachers | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Government primary schools only. |
| Student-teacher ratio | GPS student-teacher ratio | 29:1 | Students per teacher | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | GPS ratio. |
| Primary access | Gross intake rate | 104.31% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total GIR. |
| Primary access | Net intake rate | 96.99% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total NIR. |
| Primary enrollment | Gross enrollment rate | 104.53% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total primary GER. |
| Primary enrollment | Net enrollment rate | 97.76% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total primary NER. |
| Primary progression | Primary cycle dropout rate | 13.15% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Primary cycle measure. |
| Primary progression | Survival rate to Grade 5 | 86.93% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total survival rate. |
| Primary progression | Primary cycle completion rate | 86.85% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total completion rate. |
| Primary progression | Repetition rate | 2.0% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total repetition rate. |
| Primary attendance | Student absenteeism rate | 11.83% | Percent | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Total absenteeism rate. |
| Primary schools | GPS meeting 40:1 STR standard | 84.04% | Percent of GPS | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Student-teacher ratio standard. |
| Primary schools | GPS meeting 40:1 SCR standard | 63.6% | Percent of GPS | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Student-classroom ratio standard. |
| Primary schools | Single-shift GPSs | 12,515 | Schools | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Government primary schools. |
| Primary finance | Per child yearly unit cost | 17,613 | BDT per child | 2023 | DPE ASPR 2024 | Primary education unit cost. |
| Post-primary institutions | Main post-primary institutions | 36,940 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | Figure in BANBEIS summary; public institutions shown separately in source. |
| Post-primary institutions | Total post-primary institution units including attached categories | 45,626 | Institution units | 2023 | BANBEIS | Includes attached vocational and HSC BMT, upgraded GPS attached to class 8, and training attached categories. |
| Secondary education | Secondary education institutions | 18,968 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | BANBEIS secondary education category. |
| School and college | School and college institutions | 1,480 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | Combined school and college category. |
| College education | College education institutions | 3,341 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | College education category. |
| Madrasah education | Madrasah institutions | 9,259 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | Madrasah education category. |
| Technical-vocational education | Independent technical-vocational institutions | 2,547 | Institutions | 2023 | BANBEIS | Independent technical-vocational category. |
| University education | Universities | 171 | Universities | 2023 | BANBEIS | 55 public and 116 private universities in BANBEIS report. |
| Post-primary enrollment | Post-primary students, grand total | 20,383,060 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | Grand total including post-primary and attached categories. |
| Post-primary teachers | Post-primary teachers, grand total | 646,039 | Teachers | 2023 | BANBEIS | Grand total including post-primary and attached categories. |
| Secondary education | Secondary education students | 8,166,188 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | BANBEIS secondary education category. |
| Secondary education | Secondary education teachers | 246,784 | Teachers | 2023 | BANBEIS | BANBEIS secondary education category. |
| College education | College education students | 4,631,126 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | College education category. |
| Madrasah education | Madrasah students | 2,758,504 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | Madrasah education category. |
| Technical-vocational education | Independent technical-vocational students | 689,745 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | Independent technical-vocational category. |
| Technical-vocational education | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector enrollment | 1,818,522 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | Includes multiple technical-vocational curricula and provider types. |
| University education | University students | 1,069,579 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS | University education category. |
| University education | University teachers | 32,917 | Teachers | 2023 | BANBEIS | Public and private universities combined. |
| Secondary indicators | Secondary gross enrollment ratio | 74.81% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Secondary level indicator. |
| Secondary indicators | Secondary net enrollment rate | 72.20% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Secondary level indicator. |
| Secondary indicators | Secondary dropout rate | 32.85% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Secondary level indicator. |
| Higher secondary indicators | Higher secondary gross enrollment ratio | 57.20% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Higher secondary level indicator. |
| Higher secondary indicators | Higher secondary net enrollment rate | 51.90% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Higher secondary level indicator. |
| Higher secondary indicators | Higher secondary dropout rate | 21.51% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Higher secondary level indicator. |
| Diploma education | Diploma dropout rate | 6.34% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Diploma level indicator. |
| Tertiary education | Tertiary gross enrollment ratio | 20.18% | Percent | 2023 | BANBEIS | Tertiary level GER. |
| School facilities | Schools with electricity | 98.65% | Percent of schools | 2023 | BANBEIS | SDG 4.a.1 facility indicator in BANBEIS report. |
| School facilities | Schools with safe drinking water | 97.13% | Percent of schools | 2023 | BANBEIS | SDG 4.a.1 facility indicator in BANBEIS report. |
| School facilities | Schools with single-sex basic sanitation | 95.20% | Percent of schools | 2023 | BANBEIS | SDG 4.a.1 facility indicator in BANBEIS report. |
| Digital education | Schools using internet for pedagogical purposes | 56.09% | Percent of schools | 2023 | BANBEIS | Use indicator differs from having an internet connection. |
| Finance | Education share of national budget | 11.99% | Percent of national budget | FY 2023–24 | BANBEIS | Budget share, not a learning outcome measure. |
| Finance | Primary education share of national budget | 4.56% | Percent of national budget | FY 2023–24 | BANBEIS | Primary budget share. |
| Finance | Post-primary education share of national budget | 7.43% | Percent of national budget | FY 2023–24 | BANBEIS | Post-primary budget share. |
| Finance | Education recurrent expenditure | 32,761 | Crore BDT | FY 2022–23 | BANBEIS | Current-price source value. |
| Finance | Per-student cost estimate | 21,366 | BDT per student | FY 2022–23 | BANBEIS | BANBEIS education finance estimate. |
| Student support | Students receiving stipends | 5,965,954 | Students | 2022–23 source table | BANBEIS | Different stipend projects combined in the source. |
| Examinations | SSC examination candidates | 1,633,919 | Candidates | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | SSC examination. |
| Examinations | SSC pass rate | 80.94% | Percent | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | SSC examination. |
| Examinations | HSC examination candidates | 1,112,372 | Candidates | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | HSC examination. |
| Examinations | HSC pass rate | 75.90% | Percent | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | HSC examination. |
| Examinations | Dakhil examination candidates | 285,087 | Candidates | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | Madrasah education examination route. |
| Examinations | Dakhil pass rate | 74.70% | Percent | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | Dakhil examination. |
| Examinations | Alim examination candidates | 95,684 | Candidates | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | Madrasah higher secondary route. |
| Examinations | Alim pass rate | 90.75% | Percent | Exam year 2023 | BANBEIS | Alim examination. |
Education Levels and Typical Routes
The level table aligns national stages with broad ISCED-style descriptions. It does not replace source-specific national categories.
| Level | Typical age | Years or grades | ISCED alignment | Authority | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-primary education | Usually before Grade 1 | PPE | Pre-primary | MoPME and DPE | DPE reported 3,496,279 PPE students in 2023. |
| Primary education | Usually 6–10 | Grades 1–5 | Primary | MoPME and DPE | Primary data are reported through APSC and DPE ASPR. |
| Junior secondary education | Usually 11–13 | Grades 6–8 | Lower secondary | MoE, SHED, DSHE, education boards | BANBEIS reports this as part of the junior, secondary, and higher secondary structure. |
| Secondary education | Usually 14–15 | Grades 9–10 | Lower or upper secondary boundary depends on mapping | MoE, SHED, DSHE, boards | SSC, Dakhil, or equivalent examination routes are reported at this stage. |
| Higher secondary education | Usually 16–17 | Grades 11–12 | Upper secondary | MoE, SHED, TMED, boards | HSC, Alim, or technical-vocational routes appear at this stage. |
| Technical-vocational education | Varies by route | Secondary, higher secondary, diploma, and training routes | Secondary to postsecondary, depending on programme | TMED, DTE, technical boards | BANBEIS reported 1,818,522 students in the wider technical-vocational sub-sector in 2023. |
| College education | Post-secondary and tertiary routes | Intermediate, degree pass, honors, masters college routes | Upper secondary to tertiary, depending on programme | MoE, DSHE, university-affiliation systems | BANBEIS reported 4,631,126 students in college education in 2023. |
| University education | Postsecondary | Grade 13 and above | Tertiary | UGC and universities | BANBEIS reported 171 universities and 1,069,579 university students in 2023. |
| Professional education | Postsecondary | Professional programmes | Tertiary or professional, depending on programme | Relevant professional and education authorities | BANBEIS reported 174,988 students in professional education in 2023. |
| Teacher education | Postsecondary and in-service routes | Teacher training institutions | Teacher training route | MoE, MoPME, DPE, teacher training institutions | BANBEIS reported 33,778 students in teacher education in 2023. |
Exams and Transitions
Bangladesh uses board-administered examination routes at secondary and higher secondary stages. Primary public completion examination data should be read separately from current transition practice.
| Transition | Exam or process | Typical stage | Managing authority | Purpose | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-primary to primary | School entry and Grade 1 intake | Before Grade 1 | MoPME and DPE | Entry into primary education. | DPE reports PPE enrollment and Grade 1 intake indicators. |
| Primary to junior secondary | Primary cycle completion and progression | End of Grade 5 | DPE and receiving post-primary institutions | Progression from primary to post-primary education. | DPE reports primary cycle completion and survival indicators. |
| Secondary completion | SSC or equivalent | End of Grade 10 | Education boards | Completion of secondary examination route. | BANBEIS reported 1,633,919 SSC candidates and an 80.94% pass rate in 2023. |
| Madrasah secondary completion | Dakhil | Secondary madrasah route | Madrasah education board | Secondary-level madrasah completion route. | BANBEIS reported 285,087 Dakhil candidates and a 74.70% pass rate in 2023. |
| Technical secondary completion | SSC vocational or equivalent | Secondary technical-vocational route | Technical education board and TMED system | Technical-vocational secondary certification route. | BANBEIS reported an SSC vocational pass rate of 86.35% in 2023. |
| Higher secondary completion | HSC or equivalent | End of Grade 12 | Education boards | Completion of higher secondary education and entry route to tertiary study. | BANBEIS reported 1,112,372 HSC candidates and a 75.90% pass rate in 2023. |
| Madrasah higher secondary completion | Alim | Higher secondary madrasah route | Madrasah education board | Higher secondary madrasah completion route. | BANBEIS reported 95,684 Alim candidates and a 90.75% pass rate in 2023. |
| Technical and diploma route | Diploma and technical examinations | Secondary to postsecondary technical route | TMED, DTE, technical education boards | Technical and vocational certification and progression. | BANBEIS reports technical-vocational enrollment and diploma indicators. |
| University admission | Institution and system-specific admission process | After higher secondary completion | Universities, UGC, and relevant admission systems | Entry into undergraduate or equivalent tertiary programmes. | Admission systems vary by institution and route; BANBEIS reports university-level enrollment and institutions. |
Higher Education, Vocational Education, and Finance
These indicators use BANBEIS 2023 post-primary and finance tables. Institution counts refer to source-defined provider categories.
| Area | Indicator | Value | Unit | Source year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University education | Public universities | 55 | Universities | 2023 | BANBEIS university education category. |
| University education | Private universities | 116 | Universities | 2023 | BANBEIS includes two international universities in the private university section. |
| University education | Public university students | 725,971 | Students | 2023 | BANBEIS public university student count. |
| University education | Female share of university students | 37.47% | Percent | 2023 | Public and private universities combined. |
| University education | University student-teacher ratio | 1:32 | Students per teacher | 2023 | Public and private universities combined. |
| Technical-vocational education | Technical-vocational institutions | 10,595 | Institutions | 2023 | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector in BANBEIS narrative. |
| Technical-vocational education | Technical-vocational students | 1,818,522 | Students | 2023 | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector across multiple curricula. |
| Technical-vocational education | Technical-vocational teachers | 55,338 | Teachers | 2023 | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector. |
| Technical-vocational education | Female share of TVET students | 29.53% | Percent | 2023 | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector. |
| Technical-vocational education | TVET student-teacher ratio | 1:33 | Students per teacher | 2023 | Wider technical-vocational sub-sector. |
| Finance | Education share of national budget | 11.99% | Percent | FY 2023–24 | Budget share reported by BANBEIS. |
| Finance | Primary share of national budget | 4.56% | Percent | FY 2023–24 | Primary education budget share reported by BANBEIS. |
| Finance | Post-primary share of national budget | 7.43% | Percent | FY 2023–24 | Post-primary budget share reported by BANBEIS. |
| Finance | Salary subvention to non-government education institutions | 157,032.03 | Million BDT | FY 2022–23 | Schools, colleges, and madrasah salary subvention combined. |
Source-Year Crosswalk
This crosswalk separates administrative, finance, and examination reporting years.
| Indicator group | Source | Collection type | Source year | Coverage | Use in module |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary schools, students, teachers | DPE Annual Sector Performance Report 2024 | Administrative reporting using APSC and related DPE sources | 2023 indicators; report published 2025 | Primary and pre-primary sub-sector, with noted census coverage limits | Primary snapshot cards, primary indicators, and primary chart values. |
| Post-primary institutions, students, teachers | BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023 | Annual Education Survey | 2023 indicators; report published March 2024 | Post-primary institutions and attached categories, with source-noted gaps for some provider types | Post-primary counts, enrollment chart, main table, and higher education table. |
| Primary performance indicators | DPE ASPR 2024 | Administrative and linked official sources | 2023 | GER, NER, dropout, survival, completion, repetition, absenteeism, STR, SCR | Primary indicators and enrollment-rate chart. |
| Secondary, higher secondary, diploma, tertiary indicators | BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023 | Annual Education Survey and source indicator tables | 2023 | Secondary, higher secondary, diploma, tertiary GER, NER, and dropout indicators | Main indicator table and enrollment-rate chart. |
| Education finance | BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023 | Budget and finance tables | FY 2022–23 and FY 2023–24 | National budget share, primary and post-primary shares, recurrent expenditure, per-student cost estimate | Finance indicators and finance chart. |
| Examination outcomes | BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023 | Examination result tables | Exam year 2023 | SSC, HSC, vocational, Dakhil, Alim, and related examination records | Exams and transitions table and main indicator table. |
| Governance and structure | BANBEIS and official agency portals | Institutional description | Current portal access and 2023 report | MoPME, MoE, DPE, BANBEIS, NCTB, UGC, DTE, and board-related responsibilities | Governance visual, levels table, and pathway module. |
Data Interpretation Notes
The notes describe how to read the indicators without merging unlike source systems.
Source-year differences
Primary education values use DPE ASPR 2024, mainly reporting 2023 primary indicators. Post-primary values use BANBEIS 2023 tables. Finance indicators use fiscal years.
Provider categories
BANBEIS categories such as secondary education, school and college, college education, madrasah education, and technical-vocational education are source-defined provider groups.
Enrollment rates
GER and NER are not the same measure. GER can exceed 100% because it includes students outside the official age group for a level.
Finance values
Budget shares and per-student cost estimates describe resource allocation in source units. They should not be compared with outcomes as causal evidence.
Assessment and exam data
Examination pass rates are exam-year results. They are not the same as enrollment, completion, attainment, or learning assessment indicators.
Coverage limits
DPE notes that some provider types are not fully covered in primary census reporting. BANBEIS also notes limits for some English-medium, medical college, and university data collection.
Sources and Methodology
BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023
Supports post-primary institution, student, teacher, examination, higher education, TVET, finance, and governance indicators.
Directorate of Primary Education ASPR 2024
Supports primary and pre-primary schools, enrollment, teachers, GER, NER, dropout, completion, STR, SCR, and primary unit cost indicators.
Ministry of Education
Supports national post-primary education governance context, including secondary, higher secondary, technical, madrasah, and higher education structures.
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education
Supports governance context for primary and mass education.
Directorate of Primary Education
Supports primary education administration and the primary education reporting system.
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
Supports curriculum and textbook authority context for school education.
University Grants Commission approved university list
Supports university authority context and public-private university listing reference.
Directorate of Technical Education
Supports technical education authority context and technical-vocational route description.
Method: Indicators were selected only when an official source or high-trust government-linked report gave a clear value, source year, and coverage description. Primary school values come mainly from DPE ASPR 2024 using APSC 2023. Post-primary, higher education, technical-vocational, finance, and examination values come mainly from BANBEIS Bangladesh Education Statistics 2023. Values are displayed in the source unit and rounded only where the source already reports rounded percentages. Fiscal-year finance values, exam-year results, school-year or administrative indicators, and survey-linked values are kept separate.
School-year, fiscal-year, exam-year, administrative, and survey-linked indicators should not be merged across years, definitions, sectors, or source systems without a stated method.